Basic elements of Python

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# Character sets-  These refers to the set of valid characters that python recognises for writing programs. 

*Types of character sets->  

  •  Letters-  Includes uppercase(Capital alphabets), Lower case(Small alphabets).   EX- A,B,C...a,b....z.
  • Digits-  Includes numeric values.   EX- 12,8,3,...9.0...
  • Special characters-  Symbols used in programming.  EX- +,*,-,/,3,$,&,!.
  • Escape sequence-  Represents special  characters. EX- \n( new line), \t(tab), (\\ backslash).
  • WhiteSpace characters- Used for space in coding. EX- (  ), newline(). 

# VARIABLES  ; In python it is used to store a Data values, Which can be accessed and processed out throughout the program.

  • These are created by assigning value to a name by using (=) operator. EX- x=10.
  • Variables in python are not usually declared with the data types . It automatically encounters the data type of a variable.
  • Variables names must starts with letter or an underscore. Other types of character sets are not allowed.
  • EXAMPLE -  x=10,  a= "SATYAM " etc.
  • Python supports different types of variables like integers,Float(Decimal values),strings, Lists, Dictionaries.etc
#IDENTIFIERS : The name we give to identify variables,function,class,modules,etc.

* Rules for Identifiers ->

  • It may be a combination of uppercase, Lowercase, Digits and Underscore. 
  • It cannot start with digits. so, 1variable is not correct, variable1 is correct.
  • It can be of any length.
  • We cant use special symbols like @,#,$,%, etc.
#DATA TYPES - It represents the kind of values that a variables holds.

Integers. 

String. 

Float .

Boolean. 

None.

#KEYWORDS-  These are the reserved or pre-defined words and cant be used as identifiers.

  • These are case sensitive.
  • They cant be used as naming variables.

#OPERATORS- An operator is a symbol that performs a certain operation between operands.

#TYPES OF OPERATORS-

  • Arithmetic Operators ( + , - , * , / , % , ** )
  • Relational / Comparison Operators ( == , != , > , < , >= , <= )
  • Assignment Operators ( = , +=, -= , *= , /= , %= , **= )
  • Logical Operators ( not , and , or )

#INPUT IN PYTHON- input( ) statement is used to accept values (using keyboard) from user.

  • input( ) #result for input( ) is always a str.
  • int ( input( ) ) #int.
  • float ( input( ) ) #float.

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